Experimentally Based Theoretical Arguments that Unruh’s Temperature, Hawking’s Vacuum Fluctuation and Rindler’s Wedge Are Physically Real

Experimentally Based Theoretical Arguments that Unruh’s Temperature, Hawking’s Vacuum Fluctuation and Rindler’s Wedge Are Physically Real

Authors  Mohamed S. El Naschie, Dept. of Physics, University of Alexandria, Egypt To cite this article  Mohamed S. El Naschie, Experimentally Based Theoretical Arguments that Unruh’s Temperature, Hawking’s Vacuum Fluctuation and Rindler’s Wedge Are Physically Real, American Journal of Modern Physics. Vol. 2, No. 6, 2013, pp. 357-361. doi: 10.11648/j.ajmp.20130206.23 Abstract  The objective of the present paper is to argue that based on the reality of the observed increased rate of cosmic expansion, Unruh’s temperature, Hawking’s negative vacuum energy and Rindler’s wedge must also be a physical reality. We present first a brief derivation of the missing dark energy density of the universe which is in absolute agreement with the most recent accurate cosmological measurements and observations. The derivation is based upon a Rindler space setting, the associated wedge horizon and Unruh temperature. That way the topological ordinary energy is found to be half of the topological Unruh fluctuation mass m(O) = φ3 multiplied with the square of the topological speed of light c2 = φ2 where φ = 2 /(√5+ 1). This is exactly equal to the area of the spear-like hyperbolic triangular part of the Rindler wedge. The corresponding physical ordinary energy density is thus E(O) = (1/2)( φ3)( φ2) mc2 = (φ5/2)( mc2), where φ5 is Hardy’s probability of quantum entanglement. The topological dark energy density on the other hand is equal half of the topological Kaluza-Klein five dimensional mass m(D) = 5 multiplied with c2 = φ2. This in turn is exactly equal to the circular segment part of the wedge which together with the hyperbolic triangular entangled area forms the complete Lorentzian invariant triangular area of the wedge. Consequently the physical dark energy density which is uncorrelated, i.e. disentangled is given by E(D) = (1/2)(5)( φ2)( mc2) = (5 φ2 /2)( mc2) in full agreement with observation. Adding E(O) and E(D) one finds E(Einstein) = mc2 in full agreement with all our previous derivations. From the above we argue that since measurements, observations and theory have shown the increased expansion to be real and because the present derivation of the same results is based on Rindler’s space and Unruh’s temperature, it follows as a logical necessity that Unruh’s temperature, Hawking’s fluctuation and Rindler’s wedge are all physically real and can be measured, at least in principle. Keywords  Hawking Vacuum Fluctuation, Unruh Temperature, Rindler Wedge, Dark Energy, Quantum Gravity, Cantorian Spacetime, Hyperbolic Fractal Geometry To continue reading the paper please downloads it from here

Reference
[01]	M.S. El Naschie: What is the missing dark energy in a nutshell and the Hawking-Hartle quantum wave collapse. Int. J. Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 3, No. 3, 2013, pp. 205-211.
[02]	L. Amendola and S. Tsujikawa: Dark Energy – Theory and Observations. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2010).
[03]	S. Perlmutter et al: Supernova cosmology project collaboration. “Measurement of omega and lambda from 42 high-redshift supernova. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 517, No. 2, 1999, pp. 565-585.
[04]	A.G. Riess et al: Observation evidence from supernova for an accelerating universe and cosmological constants. The Astronomical Journal. Vol. 116, P. 1009, 1998. Doi: 10.1086/300499.
[05]	A.G. Riess et al: The farthest known supernova: Support for an accelerating universe and a glimpse of the epoch of deceleration. Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 560, 2001, pp. 49-71. Doi: 10.1086/322438.
[06]	BP Schmidt et al: The high-Z supernova search: measuring cosmic deceleration and global curvature of the universe using type 1a supernovae. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 507, No. 1, 1998, pp. 46
[07]	E.J. Copeland, M. Sami and S. Tsujikawa: Dynamics of dark energy, 2006. arXiv: hep-th/0603057V3.
[08]	R. Panek: “Dark Energy”: The biggest mystery in the universe. 2010. http:/www.smithsonianmagazine.com/science.Nature/darkenergy.
[09]	Planck-spacecraft. Wikipedia, 2012. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planck.
[10]	M.S. El Naschie: A unified Newtonian-relativistic quantum resolution of the supposedly missing dark energy of the cosmos and the constancy of the speed of light. Int. J. Mod. Nonlinear Theory & Appli., Vol. 2, No. 1, 2013, pp. 55-59.
[11]	L. Marek-Crnjac, M.S. El Naschie and Ji-Huan He: Chaotic fractals at the root of relativistic quantum physics and cosmology. Int. J. of Mod. Nonlinear Theory & Appli., Vol. 2, No. 1A, 2013, pp78-88.
[12]	C. Toni: Dark matter, dark energy and the fate of Einstein’s theory of gravity. AMS Graduate Student Blog. Mathgrablog.williams,edu/dark-matter-darkenergy=fate-einstein-theory=gravity/
[13]	M.S. El Naschie: Quantum entanglement: where dark energy and negative gravity plus accelerated expansion of the universe comes from. J. of Quant. Info. Sci., Vol. 3, 2013, pp. 57-77.
[14]	WMAP Collaboration. E.Komatsu et al. “Seven Years Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy probe (WMAP) Observations: Cosmological interpretation.” Astrophys. J. suppl 192 (2011) 18, arxiv: 1001.4538 [astro-ph.co].
[15]	M.S. El Naschie: The quantum gravity Immirzi parameter – A general physical and topological interpretation. Gravitation and Cosmology, Vol. 19, No. 3, 2013, pp. 151-155.
[16]	L. Susskind and J. Lindesay: Black holes, information and the string theory revolution. World Scientific, Singapore (2010).
[17]	G. Ellis and R. Williams: Flat and Curved Space-Times. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2000.
[18]	W. Rindler: Relativity (Special, General and Cosmological). Oxford University press, Oxford. 2004.
[19]	M.S. El Naschie: The hyperbolic extension of Sigalotti-Hendi-Sharif Zadeh’s golden triangle of special theory of relativity and the nature of dark energy. J. Mod. Phys., Vol. 4, No. 3, 2013, pp. 354-356.
[20]	M.S. El Naschie and Atef Helal: Dark energy explained via the Hawking-Hartle quantum wave and the topology of cosmic crystallography. Int. J. Astron. & Astrophys, Vol. 3, No. 3, 2013, pp. 318-343.
[21]	S. Hawking and G. Ellis: The Large Scale Structure of Spacetime. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1973.
[22]	S. Weinberg: Cosmology. Oxford University Press, Oxford (2008).
[23]	Ta-Pei Cheng: Relativity, Gravitation and Cosmology. Oxford University Press, Oxford 2005.
[24]	M.S. El Naschie: The missing dark energy of the cosmos from light cone topological velocity and scaling the Planck scale. Open J. of Microphysics, Vol. 3, No. 3, 2013, pp. 64-70.
[25]	M.S. El Naschie: Topological-geometrical and physical interpretation of the dark energy of the cosmos as a “halo” energy of the Schrödinger quantum wave. J. Mod. Phys., Vol. 4, No. 5, 2013, pp. 591-596.
[26]	G. Ford and R. O’Connell: Is there Unruh radiation? arXiv: quant-ph/0509151V 21 Septe. 2005.
[27]	E. Akhmedov and D. Singleton: On the physical meaning of the Unruh effect. arXiv: 0705.2525V3[hep-th], 19 Oct. 2007.
[28]	M.S. El Naschie and Ji-Huan He: The fractal geometry of quantum mechanics revealed. Fractal Spacetime and Noncommutative Geometry in High Energy Phys., Vol. 1, No. 1, 2011, pp. 3-9.
[29]	A. Vilenkin: Effects of small-scale structure on the dynamics of cosmic strings. Phys. Rev. D, Vol. 41, No. 10, 1990, pp. 3038-3040.
[30]	Yu N. Gnedin, A.A. Grib and V.M. Mostepanenko: Editors: Proc. of Third Alexander Friedmann Int. Seminar on Gravitation & Cosmology. Friedmann Lab. Publishers, St. Petersberg, 1995.
[31]	A. Vilenkin and E. Shellard: Cosmic strings and other topological defects. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2001.
[32]	R. Penrose. The Road to Reality. Jonathan Cape. London (2004).
[33]	J. Magueijo: Faster Than The Speed of Light. Arrow Books, The Random House, London (2003).
[34]	V. Belinski, E. Verdaguer: Gravitational Solitons. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2001.
[35]	L.B. Okun: Energy and Mass in Relativity Theory. World Scientific, Singapore, 2009.
[36]	M.S. El Naschie: Towards a general transfinite set theory for quantum mechanics. Fractal Spacetime and Noncommutative Geometry in High Energy Phys., Vol. 2, No. 2, 2012, pp. 135-142.